Deaths on April 16

Carl Hovland

Died on April 16, 1961

Carl Hovland, American psychologist and academic (b. 1912)

Carl Iver Hovland (June 12, 1912 – April 16, 1961) was a psychologist working primarily at Yale University and for the US Army during World War II who studied attitude change and persuasion. He first reported the sleeper effect after studying the effects of the Frank Capra's propaganda film Why We Fight on soldiers in the Army. In later studies on this subject, Hovland collaborated with Irving Janis who would later become famous for his theory of groupthink. Hovland also developed social judgment theory of attitude change. Carl Hovland thought that the ability of someone to resist persuasion by a certain group depended on your degree of belonging to the group.

References

Carl Hovland

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Events on 1961

8 Jan

Charles de Gaulle
In France a referendum supports Charles de Gaulle's policies in Algeria.
16 Apr

Fidel Castro
In a nationally broadcast speech, Cuban leader Fidel Castro declares that he is a Marxist-Leninist and that Cuba is going to adopt Communism.
1 May

Fidel Castro
The Prime Minister of Cuba, Fidel Castro, proclaims Cuba a socialist nation and abolishes elections.
25 Jul

NATO
In a speech John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO.
10 Aug

Agent Orange
First use in Vietnam War of the Agent Orange by the U.S. Army.

Deaths on April 16

Carl Hovland

Died on April 16, 1961

References

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Events on 1961

Charles de Gaulle

Fidel Castro

Fidel Castro

NATO

Agent Orange