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November 1 in History
Historical Events on November 1
365
The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
996
Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (Austria in Old High German).
1141
Empress Matilda's reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with Stephen of Blois regaining the title of King of England.
1179
Philip II is crowned King of France.
1214
The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks.
1348
The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro on the pretext that they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists".
1503
Pope Julius II is elected.
1512
The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
1520
The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigation voyage.
1555
French Huguenots establish the France Antarctique colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1570
The All Saints' Flood devastates the Dutch coast.
1604
William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
1611
Shakespeare's play The Tempest is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
1612
During the Time of Troubles, Polish troops are expelled from Moscow's Kitay-gorod by Russian troops under the command of Dmitry Pozharsky (22 October O.S.) .
1683
The British Crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
1688
William III of Orange sets out a second time from Hellevoetsluis in the Netherlands to seize the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England during the Glorious Revolution.
1755
In Portugal, Lisbon is totally devastated by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing between 60,000 and 90,000 people.
1765
The British Parliament enacts the Stamp Act on the Thirteen Colonies in order to help pay for British military operations in North America.
1790
Edmund Burke publishes Reflections on the Revolution in France, in which he predicts that the French Revolution will end in a disaster.
1800
John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).
1805
Napoleon Bonaparte invades Austria during the War of the Third Coalition.
1814
Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars.
1848
In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the Boston University School of Medicine), opens.
1861
American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as the commander of the Union Army, replacing General Winfield Scott.
1870
In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast.
1884
The Gaelic Athletic Association is set up in Hayes's Hotel in Thurles, County Tipperary.
1894
Nicholas II becomes the new (and last) Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies.
1894
Buffalo Bill, 15 of his Indians, and Annie Oakley were filmed by Thomas Edison in his Black Maria Studio in West Orange, New Jersey.
1896
A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in National Geographic magazine for the first time.
1897
The first Library of Congress building opens its doors to the public; the library had previously been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol.
1901
Sigma Phi Epsilon, the largest national male collegiate fraternity, is established at Richmond College, in Richmond, Virginia.
1911
World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs.
1914
World War I: The first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, the Battle of Coronel, is fought off of the western coast of Chile, in the Pacific, with the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth.
1914
World War I: The Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from Albany, Western Australia bound for Egypt.
1916
In Russia, Pavel Milyukov delivers in the State Duma the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the government of Boris Stürmer.
1918
Malbone Street Wreck: The worst rapid transit accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 102 deaths.
1918
Western Ukraine separates from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
1920
American fishing schooner Esperanto defeats the Canadian fishing schooner Delawana in the First International Fishing Schooner Championship Races in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
1922
Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, abdicates.
1928
The Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, replaces the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet.
1937
Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.
1938
Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
1941
American photographer Ansel Adams takes a picture of a moonrise over the town of Hernandez, New Mexico that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.
1942
World War II: Matanikau Offensive begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends three days later with an American victory.
1943
World War II: In the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, United States Marines, the 3rd Marine Division, land on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands.
1943
World War II: In support of the landings on Bougainville, U.S. aircraft carrier forces attack the huge Japanese base at Rabaul.
1944
World War II: Units of the British Army land at Walcheren in the Netherlands.
1944
World War II: A United States Army Air Forces F-13 Superfortress conducted the first flight by an Allied aircraft over the Tokyo region of Japan since the 1942 Doolittle Raid.
1945
The official North Korean newspaper, Rodong Sinmun, is first published under the name Chongro.
1948
Six thousand people die when a Chinese merchant ship explodes and sinks off southern Manchuria.
1948
Athenagoras I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, is enthroned.
1950
Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US President Harry S. Truman at Blair House.
1950
Pope Pius XII claims papal infallibility when he formally defines the dogma of the Assumption of Mary.
1951
Operation Buster-Jangle: Six thousand five hundred American soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' atomic explosions for training purposes in Nevada. Participation is not voluntary.
1952
The United States successfully detonates Ivy Mike, the first thermonuclear device, at the Eniwetok atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons TNT equivalent.
1954
The Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the Algerian War of Independence.
1955
The Vietnam War begins.
1955
The bombing of United Airlines Flight 629 occurs near Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the Douglas DC-6B airliner.
1956
The Indian states Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Mysore are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act; Kanyakumari district is joined to Tamil Nadu from Kerala.
1956
The Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued.
1957
The Mackinac Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas.
1960
While campaigning for President of the United States, John F. Kennedy announces his idea of the Peace Corps.
1963
The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens.
1963
The 1963 South Vietnamese coup begins
1968
The Motion Picture Association of America's film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X.
1970
Club Cinq-Sept fire in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France kills 146 young people.
1973
Watergate scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
1973
The Indian state of Mysore is renamed as Karnataka to represent all the regions within Karunadu.
1979
In Bolivia, Colonel Alberto Natusch executes a bloody coup d'état against the constitutional government of Wálter Guevara.
1981
Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom.
1982
Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in Marysville, Ohio; a Honda Accord is the first car produced there.
1984
After the assassination of Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984, by two of her Sikh bodyguards, anti-Sikh riots erupts.
1987
British Rail Class 43 (HST) hits the record speed of 238 km/h for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors.
1993
The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union.
2000
The Republic of Serbia and Montenegro joins the United Nations.
2012
A fuel tank truck crashes and explodes in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh, killing 26 people and injuring 135.
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