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November 23 in History
Historical Events on November 23
534 BC
Thespis of Icaria becomes the first recorded actor to portray a character onstage.
1174
Saladin enters Damascus, and adds it to his domain.
1248
Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile.
1499
Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London. He had invaded England in 1497, claiming to be the lost son of King Edward IV of England.
1510
First campaign of the Ottoman Empire against the Kingdom of Imereti (modern western Georgia). Ottoman armies sack the capital Kutaisi and burn Gelati Monastery.
1531
The Second War of Kappel results in the dissolution of the Protestant alliance in Switzerland.
1644
John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet decrying censorship.
1733
The start of the 1733 slave insurrection on St. John in what was then the Danish West Indies.
1808
French and Poles defeat the Spanish at Battle of Tudela.
1810
Sarah Booth debuts at the Royal Opera House.
1863
American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga begins: Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and counter-attack Confederate troops.
1867
The Manchester Martyrs are hanged in Manchester, England, for killing a police officer while freeing two Irish nationalists from custody.
1876
Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Magear Tweed (better known as Boss Tweed) is delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in Spain.
1889
The first jukebox goes into operation at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco.
1890
King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to succeed him.
1910
Johan Alfred Ander becomes the last person to be executed in Sweden.
1914
Mexican Revolution: The last of U.S. forces withdraw from Veracruz, occupied seven months earlier in response to the Tampico Affair.
1918
Heber J. Grant succeeds Joseph F. Smith as the seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
1924
Edwin Hubble's discovery, that the Andromeda "nebula" is actually another island galaxy far outside of our own Milky Way, is first published in The New York Times.
1934
An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, well within Ethiopian territory. This leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
1936
Life magazine is reborn as a photo magazine and enjoys instant success.
1939
World War II: HMS Rawalpindi is sunk by the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau.
1940
World War II: Romania becomes a signatory of the Tripartite Pact, officially joining the Axis powers.
1943
World War II: The Deutsche Opernhaus on Bismarckstraße in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg is destroyed. It will eventually be rebuilt in 1961 and be called the Deutsche Oper Berlin.
1943
World War II: Tarawa and Makin atolls fall to American forces.
1946
French naval bombardment of Hai Phong, Vietnam, kills thousands of civilians.
1953
Pilot Felix Moncla and Lieutenant Robert Wilson disappear while in pursuit of a mysterious craft over Lake Superior.
1955
The Cocos Islands are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to that of Australia.
1959
French President Charles de Gaulle declares in a speech in Strasbourg his vision for "Europe, from the Atlantic to the Urals".
1963
The BBC broadcasts the first episode of An Unearthly Child (starring William Hartnell), the first story from the first series of Doctor Who, which is now the world's longest running science fiction drama.
1971
Representatives of the People's Republic of China attend the United Nations, including the United Nations Security Council, for the first time.
1972
The Soviet Union makes its final attempt at successfully launching the N1 rocket.
1974
Sixty Ethiopian politicians, aristocrats, military officers, and other persons are executed by the provisional military government.
1976
Apneist Jacques Mayol is the first man to reach a depth of 100 m undersea without breathing equipment.
1978
Cyclone kills about 1000 people in eastern Sri Lanka.
1978
The Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975 goes into effect, realigning many of Europe's longwave and mediumwave broadcasting frequencies.
1980
The 6.9 Mw Irpinia earthquake shakes southern Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 2,483-4,900, and injuring 7,700-8,934.
1981
Iran-Contra affair: Ronald Reagan signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the Central Intelligence Agency the authority to recruit and support Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
1985
Gunmen hijack EgyptAir Flight 648 en route from Athens to Cairo. When the plane lands in Malta, Egyptian commandos storm the aircraft, but 60 people die in the raid.
1992
The first smartphone, the IBM Simon, is introduced at COMDEX in Las Vegas, Nevada.
1993
Rachel Whiteread wins both the £20,000 Turner Prize award for best British modern artist and the £40,000 K Foundation art award for the worst artist of the year.
1996
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 is hijacked, then crashes into the Indian Ocean off the coast of Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 125.
2001
The Convention on Cybercrime is signed in Budapest, Hungary.
2003
Rose Revolution: Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze resigns following weeks of mass protests over flawed elections.
2004
The Holy Trinity Cathedral of Tbilisi, the largest religious building in Georgia, is consecrated.
2005
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is elected president of Liberia and becomes the first woman to lead an African country.
2006
A series of bombings kills at least 215 people and injures 257 others in Sadr City, making it the second deadliest sectarian attack since the beginning of the Iraq War in 2003.
2007
MS Explorer, a cruise liner carrying 154 people, sinks in the Antarctic Ocean south of Argentina after hitting an iceberg near the South Shetland Islands. There are no fatalities.
2009
The Maguindanao massacre occurs in Ampatuan, Maguindanao, Philippines.
2010
Bombardment of Yeonpyeong: North Korean artillery attack kills two civilians and two marines on Yeonpyeong Island, South Korea.
2011
Arab Spring: After 11 months of protests in Yemen, Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh signs a deal to transfer power to the vice president, in exchange for legal immunity.
2015
Blue Origin's New Shepard space vehicle became the first rocket to successfully fly to space and then return to Earth for a controlled, vertical landing.
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