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October 12 in History
Historical Events on October 12
539 BC
The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon (Julian calendar)
633
Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by the British under Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd.
1113
The city of Oradea is first mentioned under the Latin name Varadinum ("vár" means fortress in Hungarian).
1279
Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk founder of Nichiren Buddhism, is said to have inscribed the Dai Gohonzon.
1398
The Treaty of Salynas is signed between Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Teutonic Knights, who received Samogitia.
1492
Christopher Columbus's expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean, specifically in The Bahamas. The explorer believes he has reached the Indies.
1582
Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1654
The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100 people.
1692
The Salem witch trials are ended by a letter from Massachusetts Governor Sir William Phips.
1748
British and Spanish naval forces engage at the Battle of Havana during the War of Jenkins' Ear.
1773
America's first insane asylum opens.
1792
The first celebration of Columbus Day is held in New York City.
1793
The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid on the campus of the University of North Carolina.
1798
Flemish and Luxembourgish peasants launch the rebellion against French rule known as the Peasants' War.
1799
Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute, from an altitude of 900 metres (3,000 ft).
1810
First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.
1822
Pedro I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor of the Empire of Brazil.
1823
Charles Macintosh of Scotland sells the first raincoat.
1847
German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens & Halske, which later becomes Siemens AG.
1849
The city of Manizales, Colombia is founded by 'The Expedition of the 20'.
1871
Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) enacted by British rule in India, which named over 160 local communities 'Criminal Tribes', i.e. hereditary criminals. Repealed in 1949, after Independence of India.
1890
Uddevalla Suffrage Association is formed.
1892
The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited by students in many US public schools, as part of a celebration marking the 400th anniversary of Columbus's voyage.
1901
President Theodore Roosevelt officially renames the "Executive Mansion" to the White House.
1915
World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium
1917
World War I: The First Battle of Passchendaele takes place resulting in the largest single day loss of life in New Zealand history.
1918
A massive forest fire kills 453 people in Cloquet, Minnesota.
1928
An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston.
1933
The military Alcatraz Citadel becomes the civilian Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.
1942
World War II: Japanese ships retreat after their defeat in the Battle of Cape Esperance.
1944
World War II: The Axis occupation of Athens comes to an end.
1945
World War II: Desmond Doss is the first conscientious objector to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor.
1959
At the national congress of APRA in Peru a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party who later form APRA Rebelde.
1960
Cold War: Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a desk at United Nations General Assembly meeting to protest a Philippine assertion of Soviet Union colonial policy being conducted in Eastern Europe.
1960
Television viewers in Japan unexpectedly witness the assassination of Inejiro Asanuma, leader of the Japan Socialist Party, when he is stabbed to death during a live broadcast.
1962
The Columbus Day Storm strikes the U.S. Pacific Northwest with record wind velocities; 46 dead and at least U.S. $230 million in damages.
1963
After nearly 23 years of imprisonment, Reverend Walter Ciszek, a Jesuit missionary, was released from the Soviet Union.
1964
The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits.
1967
Vietnam War: US Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U.S. Congress for peace initiatives are futile because of North Vietnam's opposition.
1968
Equatorial Guinea becomes independent from Spain.
1970
Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas
1971
The 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire is held (until October 16).
1979
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the first of five books in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy comedy science fiction series by Douglas Adams is published.
1979
The lowest recorded non-tornadic atmospheric pressure, 87.0 kPa (870 mbar or 25.69 inHg), occurred in the Western Pacific during Typhoon Tip.
1983
Japan's former Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed and is sentenced to four years in jail.
1984
Brighton hotel bombing: The Provisional Irish Republican Army attempt to assassinate Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet. Thatcher escapes but the bomb kills five people and wounds 31.
1984
American actor Jon-Erik Hexum accidentally shoots himself with a prop gun. He dies six days later.
1986
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit China.
1988
Two officers of the Victoria Police are gunned down execution-style in the Walsh Street police shootings, Australia.
1992
A 5.8 earthquake occurred in Cairo, Egypt. At least 510 died.
1994
The Magellan spacecraft burns up in the atmosphere of Venus.
1997
Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria that killed 43 at a fake roadblock.
1998
Matthew Shepard, a gay student at University of Wyoming, dies five days after he was beaten, robbed and left tied to a wooden fence post outside of Laramie, Wyoming.
1999
Pervez Musharraf takes power in Pakistan from Nawaz Sharif through a bloodless coup.
1999
The former Autonomous Soviet Republic of Abkhazia declares its independence from Georgia
2000
The USS Cole is badly damaged in Aden, Yemen, by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.
2002
Terrorists detonate bombs in the Sari Club in Kuta, Bali, killing 202 and wounding over 300.
2005
The second Chinese human spaceflight Shenzhou 6 launched carrying Fèi Jùnlóng and Niè Hǎishèng for five days in orbit.
2008
Lithuanian nuclear power referendum, 2008 is performed.
2013
Fifty-one people are killed after a truck veers off a cliff in La Convención Province, Peru.
2017
The United States announces its decision to withdraw from UNESCO.[1]
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