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September 1 in History
Historical Events on September 1
1355
King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the Old town of Visoki.
1449
Tumu Crisis: Mongols capture the Emperor of China.
1529
The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by natives.
1532
Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.
1604
Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed at Harmandir Sahib.
1644
Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.
1715
King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years, which is the longest of any major European monarch.
1763
Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow
1772
The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California.
1774
Massachusetts Bay colonists rise up in the bloodless Powder Alarm.
1804
Juno, one of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.
1831
The high honor of Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic.
1836
Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.
1838
Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established.
1862
American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly: Confederate Army troops defeat a group of retreating Union Army troops in Chantilly, Virginia.
1864
American Civil War: The Confederate Army General John Bell Hood orders the evacuation of Atlanta, ending a four-month siege by General William Tecumseh Sherman.
1870
Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
1873
Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.
1878
Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.
1880
The army of Mohammad Ayub Khan is routed by the British at the Battle of Kandahar, ending the Second Anglo-Afghan War
1894
Over 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota.
1897
The Tremont Street Subway in Boston opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America.
1905
Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation.
1906
The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established.
1911
The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship.
1914
St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd.
1914
The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo.
1920
The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent.
1923
The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people.
1928
Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king.
1934
The first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated cartoon, The Discontented Canary, is released to movie theatres.
1939
World War II: Nazi Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the European phase of World War II.
1939
General George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
1939
The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date.
1939
Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Armed Forces (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization).
1939
Adolf Hitler signs an order to begin the systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and disabled people.
1951
The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty.
1952
The Old Man and the Sea, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Ernest Hemingway, is first published.
1958
Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom, beginning the Cod Wars.
1961
The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of the Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate.
1961
The first conference of the Non Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade.
1967
The Khmer-Chinese Friendship Association is banned in Cambodia.
1969
A coup in Libya brings Muammar Gaddafi to power.
1969
Trần Thiện Khiêm becomes Prime Minister of South Vietnam under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu.
1970
Attempted assassination of King Hussein of Jordan by Palestinian guerrillas, who attack his motorcade.
1972
In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky to become the world chess champion.
1974
The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of 1 hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1,435.587 miles per hour (2,310.353 km/h).
1979
The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi).
1980
Major General Chun Doo-hwan becomes President of South Korea, following the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah.
1981
A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko.
1982
The United States Air Force Space Command is founded.
1983
Cold War: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace, killing all 269 on board, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald.
1985
A joint American-French expedition locates the wreckage of the RMS Titanic.
1991
Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
2004
The Crisis in Beslan commences when armed terrorists take schoolchildren and school staff hostage in North Ossetia (Russia); by the end of the siege three days later more than 385 people are dead (including hostages, other civilians, security personnel and terrorists).
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