Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova, Russian academic and politician (d. 1810)
Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova (Russian: Екатери́на Рома́новна Воронцо́ва) (28 March 1743 – 15 January 1810), later Princess Dashkova, was an influential noblewoman, a major figure of the Russian Enlightenment and a close friend of Empress Catherine the Great. She was part of the coup d'état that placed Catherine on the throne, the first woman in the world to head a national academy of sciences, the first woman in Europe to hold a government office and the president of the Russian Academy, which she helped found. She also published prolifically, with original and translated works on many subjects, and was invited by Benjamin Franklin to become the first female member of the American Philosophical Society.