The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II against Spanish rule in the Viceroyalty of Peru begins.
The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II (1780 – c. 1782) was an uprising of native and mestizo peasants with creole and mestizo support, led by indigenous caciques against the beneficiaries of the Bourbon reforms in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. Other causes included widespread economic downturn and a revival of Inca identity embodied by Túpac Amaru II, a native cacique and the original leader of the rebellion. While Túpac Amaru II was captured and executed in 1781, the rebellion continued for at least another year under other leaders.