The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
The Battle of Leipzig (French: Bataille de Leipsick; German: Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig (German: [ˈfœlkɐˌʃlaxt baɪ̯ ˈlaɪ̯pt͡sɪç] (listen)); Swedish: Slaget vid Leipzig), also known as the Battle of the Nations (French: Bataille des Nations; Russian: Битва народов, romanized: Bitva narodov), was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813 at Leipzig, Saxony. The Coalition armies of Austria, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia, led by Tsar Alexander I and Karl von Schwarzenberg, decisively defeated the Grande Armée of French Emperor Napoleon I. Napoleon's army also contained Polish and Italian troops, as well as Germans from the Confederation of the Rhine (mainly Saxony and Württemberg). The battle was the culmination of the German Campaign of 1813 and involved 560,000 soldiers, 2,200 artillery pieces, the expenditure of 400,000 rounds of artillery ammunition, and 133,000 casualties, making it the largest battle in Europe prior to World War I.
Decisively defeated again, Napoleon was compelled to return to France while the Sixth Coalition kept up its momentum, dissolving the Confederation of the Rhine and invading France early the next year. Napoleon was forced to abdicate and was exiled to Elba in May 1814.