Alexander Parvus, Belarusian-German theoretician and activist (d. 1924)
Alexander Lvovich Parvus, born Israel Lazarevich Gelfand (8 September 1867 – 12 December 1924) and sometimes called Helphand in the literature on the Russian Revolution, was a Marxist theoretician, publicist and controversial activist in the Social Democratic Party of Germany.