The Haitian Revolution (French: rvolution hatienne French pronunciation: [evlysj a.i.sjn]; Haitian Creole: revolisyon ayisyen) was a successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti. The revolt began on 22 August 1791, and ended in 1804 with the former colony's independence. It involved black, biracial, French, Spanish, British, and Polish participantswith the ex-slave Toussaint Louverture emerging as Haiti's most charismatic hero. The revolution was the only slave uprising that led to the founding of a state which was both free from slavery (though not from forced labour) and ruled by non-whites and former captives. It is now widely seen as a defining moment in the history of the Atlantic World.
The revolution's effects on the institution of slavery were felt throughout the Americas. The end of French rule and the abolition of slavery in the former colony was followed by a successful defense of the freedoms the former slaves won and, with the collaboration of already free people of color, their independence from white Europeans. The revolution represented the largest slave uprising since Spartacus' unsuccessful revolt against the Roman Republic nearly 1,900 years earlier, and challenged long-held European beliefs about alleged black inferiority and about slaves' ability to achieve and maintain their own freedom. The rebels' organizational capacity and tenacity under pressure inspired stories that shocked and frightened slave owners in the hemisphere.
Bois Caïman (Haitian Creole: Bwa Kayiman, lit. 'Alligator Forest') was the site of the first major meeting of enslaved blacks during which the first major slave insurrection of the Haitian Revolution was planned.
1791Aug, 21
A Vodou ceremony, led by Dutty Boukman, turns into a violent slave rebellion, beginning the Haitian Revolution.
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Events on 1791
- 14Aug
Haitian Revolution
Slaves from plantations in Saint-Domingue hold a Vodou ceremony lead by houngan Dutty Boukman at Bois Caïman, marking the start of the Haitian Revolution. - 21Aug
Haitian Revolution
A Vodou ceremony, led by Dutty Boukman, turns into a violent slave rebellion, beginning the Haitian Revolution. - 22Aug
Haitian Revolution
Beginning of the Haitian Slave Revolution in Saint-Domingue, Haiti. - 26Aug
Steamboat
John Fitch is granted a United States patent for the steamboat. - 27Sep
France
Jews in France are granted French citizenship.