John Charnley, British orthopedic surgeon (d. 1982)
Sir John Charnley, (29 August 1911 – 5 August 1982) was an English orthopaedic surgeon. He pioneered the hip replacement operation, which is now one of the most common operations both in the UK and elsewhere in the world, and created the "Wrightington centre for hip surgery".

He also demonstrated the fundamental importance of bony compression in operations to arthrodese (fuse) joints, in particular the knee, ankle and shoulder.Charnley also influenced generations of orthopaedic surgeons through his textbook on conservative fracture treatment which was first published in 1950.