Transylvania is a historical region in central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Apuseni Mountains. Broader definitions of Transylvania also encompass the western and north-western Romanian regions Crișana and Maramureș, and occasionally Banat.

Transylvania is known for the scenery of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history. It also contains the nation's fourth largest city, Cluj-Napoca, as well as other cities and towns such as Brașov, Sibiu, Târgu Mureș, Alba Iulia, and Sighișoara. Transylvania is also the home of some of Romania's UNESCO World Heritage Sites such as the Villages with Fortified Churches, the Historic Centre of Sighișoara, the Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains and the Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape.

In folklore, Transylvania is commonly associated with vampires due to the influence of Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula and subsequent books and many films the tale has inspired.