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1
Events

July 1 in History

Historical Events on July 1

AD 69
Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
552
Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy. During the fighting king Totila is mortally wounded.
1097
Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I.
1431
The Battle of La Higueruela takes place in Granada, leading to a modest advance of the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista.
1523
Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.
1569
Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations.
1643
First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
1690
Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).
1766
François-Jean de la Barre, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a pyre along with a copy of Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a Roman Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, France.
1770
Lexell's Comet passes closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 a.u.
1782
Raid on Lunenburg: American privateers attack the British settlement of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.
1819
Johann Georg Tralles discovers the Great Comet of 1819, (C/1819 N1). It was the first comet analyzed using polarimetry, by François Arago.
1837
A system of civil registration of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales.
1855
Signing of the Quinault Treaty: The Quinault and the Quileute cede their land to the United States.
1858
Joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society of London.
1862
The Russian State Library is founded as the Library of the Moscow Public Museum.
1862
Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse.
1862
American Civil War: The Battle of Malvern Hill takes place. It is the last of the Seven Days Battles, part of George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign.
1863
Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) in Suriname, marking the abolition of slavery by the Netherlands.
1863
American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg begins.
1867
The British North America Act of 1867 takes effect as the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia join into confederation to create the modern nation of Canada. Sir John A. Macdonald is sworn in as the first Prime Minister of Canada. This date is commemorated annually in Canada as Canada Day, a national holiday.
1870
The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
1873
Prince Edward Island joins into Canadian Confederation.
1874
The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.
1878
Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
1879
Charles Taze Russell publishes the first edition of the religious magazine The Watchtower.
1881
The world's first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.[1]
1881
General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.
1885
The United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.
1890
Canada and Bermuda are linked by telegraph cable.
1898
Spanish-American War: The Battle of San Juan Hill is fought in Santiago de Cuba.
1903
Start of first Tour de France bicycle race.
1908
SOS is adopted as the international distress signal.
1911
Germany despatches the gunship SMS Panther to Morocco, sparking the Agadir Crisis.
1915
Leutnant Kurt Wintgens of the then-named German Deutsches Heer's Fliegertruppe army air service achieves the first known aerial victory with a synchronized machine-gun armed fighter plane, the Fokker M.5K/MG Eindecker.
1916
World War I: First day on the Somme: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 19,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded.
1922
The Great Railroad Strike of 1922 begins in the United States.
1923
The Canadian Parliament suspends all Chinese immigration.
1931
United Airlines begins service (as Boeing Air Transport).
1931
Wiley Post and Harold Gatty become the first people to circumnavigate the globe in a fixed-wing aircraft.
1932
Australia's national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, was formed.
1935
Regina, Saskatchewan police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in the On-to-Ottawa Trek.
1942
World War II: First Battle of El Alamein.
1942
The Australian Federal Government becomes the sole collector of income tax in Australia as State Income Tax is abolished.
1943
Tokyo City merges with Tokyo Prefecture and is dissolved. Since this date, no city in Japan has the name "Tokyo" (present-day Tokyo is not officially a city).
1947
The Philippine Air Force is established.
1948
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-i-Azam) inaugurates Pakistan's central bank, the State Bank of Pakistan.
1949
The merger of two princely states of India, Cochin and Travancore, into the state of Thiru-Kochi (later re-organized as Kerala) in the Indian Union ends more than 1,000 years of princely rule by the Cochin royal family.
1957
The International Geophysical Year begins.
1958
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.
1958
Flooding of Canada's Saint Lawrence Seaway begins.
1959
Specific values for the international yard, avoirdupois pound and derived units (e.g. inch, mile and ounce) are adopted after agreement between the U.S.A., the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries.
1960
Independence of Somalia.
1960
Ghana becomes a republic and Kwame Nkrumah becomes its first President as Queen Elizabeth II ceases to be its head of state.
1962
Independence of Rwanda and Burundi.
1963
ZIP codes are introduced for United States mail.
1963
The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.
1966
The first color television transmission in Canada takes place from Toronto.
1967
Merger Treaty: The European Community is formally created out of a merger with the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.
1968
The United States Central Intelligence Agency's Phoenix Program is officially established.
1968
The Nuclear non-proliferation treaty is signed in Washington, D.C., London and Moscow by sixty-two countries.
1968
Formal separation of the United Auto Workers from the AFL-CIO in the United States.
1972
The first Gay pride march in England takes place.
1976
Portugal grants autonomy to Madeira.
1978
The Northern Territory in Australia is granted self-government.
1979
Sony introduces the Walkman.
1980
"O Canada" officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.
1983
A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashes into the Fouta Djallon mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
1984
The PG-13 rating is introduced by the MPAA.
1987
The American radio station WFAN in New York City is launched as the world's first all-sports radio station.
1990
German reunification: East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.
1991
The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.
1997
China resumes sovereignty over the city-state of Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British colonial rule. The handover ceremony is attended by British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Prince Charles of Wales, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, and U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.
1999
The Scottish Parliament is officially opened by Elizabeth II on the day that legislative powers are officially transferred from the old Scottish Office in London to the new devolved Scottish Executive in Edinburgh.
2002
The International Criminal Court is established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
2002
Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a Tupolev Tu-154, and DHL Flight 611, a Boeing 757, collide in mid-air over Überlingen, southern Germany, killing all 71 on board both planes.
2003
Over 500,000 people protest against efforts to pass anti-sedition legislation in Hong Kong.
2004
Saturn orbit insertion of Cassini-Huygens begins at 01:12 UTC and ends at 02:48 UTC.
2006
The first operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway in China.
2007
Smoking in England is banned in all public indoor spaces.
2008
Rioting erupts in Mongolia in response to allegations of fraud surrounding the 2008 legislative elections.
2013
Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union.

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