The Second Battle of Caloocan (Filipino: Ikalawang Labanan sa Caloocan, Spanish: Segunda Batalla de Caloocan), alternately called the Second Battle of Manila, was fought from February 22 to 24, 1899, in Caloocan during the PhilippineAmerican War. The battle featured a Filipino counterattack aimed at gaining Manila from the Americans. This counterattack failed to regain Manila mainly because of lack of coordination among Filipino units and lack of artillery support.

The Philippine Revolutionary Army later renamed Philippine Republican Army, (Spanish: Ejército Revolucionario Filipino; Tagalog: Panghimagsikang Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas) was the official armed forces of the First Philippine Republic from its formation in March of 1899 to its disollution in November of that year in favor of guerilla operations in the Philippine–American War.