American Civil War: The U.S. federal government forbids all Union army officers from returning fugitive slaves, thus effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation.
American Civil War: The Confederate States of America agree to the use of African-American troops.
Second Boer War: British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State.
The news of the discovery of Pluto is telegraphed to the Harvard College Observatory.
Great Depression: Banks in the U.S. begin to re-open after President Franklin D. Roosevelt mandates a "bank holiday".
The Holocaust: German forces liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Kraków.
Cuban student revolutionaries storm the presidential palace in Havana in a failed attempt on the life of President Fulgencio Batista.
Apollo program: Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module.
Pope Francis is elected, in the papal conclave, as the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church.