Samuel "Sholem" Schwarzbard (Russian: Самуил Исаакович Шварцбурд, Samuil Isaakovich Shvartsburd, Yiddish: שלום שװאַרצבאָרד, French: Samuel 'Sholem' Schwarzbard; 18 August 1886 – 3 March 1938) was a Jewish Russian-born French Yiddish poet. He served in the French and Soviet military, was a communist and anarchist, and is known for the assassination of the Ukrainian national leader Symon Petliura in 1926. He wrote poetry in Yiddish under the pen name of Baal-Khaloymes (English: The Dreamer).