The Negros Revolution (Filipino: Himagsikang Negrense; Cebuano: Rebolusyong Negrense; Spanish: Revolucin negrense), commemorated and popularly known as the Fifth of November (Spanish: Cinco de noviembre) or Negros Day (Hiligaynon: Adlaw sang Negros; Cebuano: Adlaw sa Negros; Spanish: Da de Negros), was a political movement that in 1898 created a government on Negros Island in the Philippines, ending Spanish control of the island and paving the way for a republican government run by the Negrense natives. The newly established Negros Republic (Hiligaynon: Republika sg Negros; Cebuano: Republika sa Negros; Spanish: Repblica de Negros) lasted for approximately three months. American forces landed on the island unopposed on February 2, 1899, ending the island's independence. Negros was then annexed to the Philippine Islands on 20 April 1901.

Negros is the fourth-largest and third-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of 13,309 km2 (5,139 sq mi). Negros is one of the many islands of the Visayas, in the central part of the country. The predominant inhabitants of the island region are mainly called Negrenses (locally Negrosanons). As of 2020 census, the total population of Negros is 4,656,945 people. From May 29, 2015 to August 9, 2017, the whole island was governed as an administrative region officially named the Negros Island Region, which comprised the highly urbanized city of Bacolod and the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental, along with its corresponding outlying islands and islets within a total regional area of 13,350.74 km2 (5,154.75 sq mi). It was created on May 29, 2015 by virtue of Executive Order No. 183 issued by Benigno Aquino III, who was the president at that time. On August 9, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte signed the Executive Order No. 38 dissolving the Negros Island Region.