Washington's Farewell Address is a letter written by American President George Washington as a valedictory to "friends and the fellow-citizens" after 20 years of public service to the United States. He wrote it near the end of his second term of presidency before retiring to his home at Mount Vernon in Virginia.
The letter was first published as The Address of Gen. Washington to the People of America on His Declining the Presidency of the United States in the American Daily Advertiser on September 19, 1796, about ten weeks before the presidential electors cast their votes in the 1796 election. It is a classic statement of republicanism, warning Americans of the political dangers which they must avoid if they are to remain true to their values. It was almost immediately reprinted in newspapers around the country, and later in pamphlet form.The first draft was originally prepared by James Madison in June 1792, as Washington contemplated retiring at the end of his first term in office. However, he set it aside and ran for a second term because of heated disputes between Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson which convinced Washington that the growing tensions would rip apart the country without his leadership. This included the state of foreign affairs, and divisions between the newly formed Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties.As his second term came to a close four years later, Washington prepared a revision of the original letter with the help of Hamilton to write a new farewell address to announce his intention to decline a third term in office. He reflects on the emerging issues of the American political landscape in 1796, expresses his support for the government eight years after the adoption of the Constitution, defends his administration's record and gives valedictory advice to the American people. The letter also attempted to reunite the country, which had partly turned against Washington following the controversial 1794 Jay Treaty.
1796Sep, 19
George Washington's Farewell Address is printed across America as an open letter to the public.
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Events on 1796
- 1Feb
York, Upper Canada
The capital of Upper Canada is moved from Newark to York. - 9Mar
Joséphine de Beauharnais
Napoléon Bonaparte marries his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais. - 15May
Milan
War of the First Coalition: Napoleon enters Milan in triumph. - 11Jul
Jay Treaty
The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty. - 17Nov
Battle of the Bridge of Arcole
French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy.